Scientific advancements in exercise physiology and adaptive fitness are enhancing rehabilitation by optimizing movement efficiency and endurance. Individualized exercise prescriptions, based on metabolic and cardiovascular assessments, are helping patients regain strength and mobility. Adaptive fitness programs, incorporating modified resistance training and balance exercises, support individuals with disabilities or chronic conditions. High-intensity interval training is showing benefits in neuroplasticity, improving functional recovery in stroke and spinal cord injury patients. By integrating exercise science into rehabilitation, individuals achieve better physical resilience, reducing the risk of reinjury and promoting long-term health.